2020年7月26日 星期日

[牛耕田, 馬食穀]



粵語〔廣東話〕文化,有非常悠久嘅歷史,係傳統嘅廣東三大文化之一。廣東大戲,對白同唱詞都包含咗唔少粵語口語嘅成分,粵謳、童謠、山歌,同埋木魚書等,都有好濃厚嘅嶺南文化色彩。網上有[廣東話資料館],搜羅了有關廣東話的文化、意思、用法、讀法、寫法、歷史、演變及趣味,值得參考。

年青時常聽[牛耕田馬食穀] 的童謠,但只是開始的幾句,原來全文如下:

牛耕田, 馬食穀老竇賺錢仔享福;
象行田, 馬行日, 過河卒仔無退縮;
兵殺敵, 將閃縮, 功成身退享俸祿;
男善變, 女易哭, 貧賤夫妻難和睦;
流水清, 死水濁, 人望高處無滿足;
冰易化, 錢難蓄, 巧婦難煲無米粥;
水維生, 土長木, 光合作用葉變綠;
賭易學, 書難讀, 賭仔何曾買大屋?
命注定, 運難卜, 三衰六旺好難捉;
仙灑, 凡人俗, 犯規和尚食狗肉;
陽壽盡, 落陰谷, 生老病死乃定局;
趁宜家仲能郁, 快樂享受要知足;
咪再成日困在屋, 兒孫自有兒孫福。

這是一首絕妙粵諺, 是廣東話的至高境界,除了用辭押韻外,更帶出人世間的實況及做人的道理。 [生老病死乃定局]是真理不能逆轉;[三衰六旺好難捉]是人生的無常真理;[快樂享受要知足]是知足常樂的做人道理。

還記得有以下的童謠:

月光光,照地堂;年卅晚,摘檳榔;檳榔香,嚼子薑;子姜辣,買蒲達;蒲達苦,買豬肚;豬肚肥,買牛皮;牛皮薄,買菱角;菱角尖,買馬鞭;馬鞭長,起屋樑;屋樑高,買張刀;刀切菜,買籮蓋;籮蓋圓,買隻船;船浸底,浸親兩個番鬼仔;一個蒲頭,一個浸底;一個摸茨菇,一個摸馬蹄。

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排排坐,食粉果;豬拉柴,狗透火;貓兒擔凳姑婆坐;坐埋一齊唱支歌。

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"凼凼"轉,菊花園;炒米餅,糯米團;亞媽佢叫我去睇龍船;
我唔睇,要去睇雞仔;雞仔大,拎去賣;賣咗幾文錢;
我買隻風車仔,佢轉得好好睇,睇佢凼凼轉啊菊花園,
睇佢凼凼轉啊凼凼轉啊轉。

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河邊有隻羊,羊邊有隻象,象邊有隻馬騮仔,好似你噉樣。

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落大雨,水浸街,亞哥擔柴上街賣,亞嫂落地著花鞋,花鞋花襪花腰帶,珍珠蝴蝶兩邊排。

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拍大髀,唱山歌,人人話我冇老婆,的起心肝娶翻個,有錢娶個嬌嬌女,冇錢娶個豆皮婆,豆皮婆,食飯食得多,屙屎屙兩籮,屙尿沖大海,屙屁打銅鑼。


2020年7月20日 星期一

長者八達通



行政長官林鄭月娥於1月時宣布放寬[兩元乘車優惠]60歲或以上長者,惟實際時間表及其他改善措施,需待勞工及福利局及運輸署今年上半年內,完成檢討計劃後再公布,措施估計將涉及17億元額外開支。

政府自20126月起,分階段實施[兩元乘車優惠],現時優惠受惠對象為65歲以上長者、65歲以下殘疾綜援受助人,以及65歲以下的傷殘津貼受惠人,他們可以每程2元的優惠票價,使用指定公共交通工具及服務。政府期望在下個財政年度,將長者兩元乘車優惠門檻由65歲降至60歲,顧問公司檢討時發現異常,按兩年前數據計,香港只有127萬長者,但就有360萬張長者八達通;長者每年增長約5萬,但長者八達通每年增長約30萬張,認為出現濫用。按推算,本年度長者八達通,達到420萬張。去年有2名小巴司機被捕,涉嫌自己拍卡騙取津貼,2人於5個月內拍卡近3000次,合共騙取政府4萬元津貼,兩人認罪下在裁判法院分別判監2個月和4個月。

根據港鐵附例,非長者用長者車票搭車是違反規例,職員可以要求乘客提供身分證明文件,違規者可以被視為無繳付車費,劃一罰500元作為附加費。學者籲加強打擊,八達通公司回應指,現時無規限每名長者購買或擁有長者八達通的數量,實際使用情況由個別公共交通營辦商負責。坦白說,公共運輸機構沒有多大誘因加强打擊濫用,因機構没有財政損失,政府是補貼車費的差額。


2012年時[两元乘車優惠] 的開支是約2億元,但2020-21年度預算開支將增加至約16.7億港元,較上年度增加約3.6億港元。 除了長者人數及用量增加外,政府的補貼差額也增大。 2012年隧巴收費是7元,政府的補貼是5元;2020年隧巴收費是10元,補貼則是8元了。 以後多年,香港將面臨巨大的財政赤字,政府除了要開源外,更要節流。 [两元乘車優惠] 是予長者的,而香港社會對長者的共識是65歲,退休年齡也漸趨向65歲了,但政府已不能收回放寬優惠至60歲,唯有改善制度以達物有所值。  自己有以下的提議:

·       .  減低㴵用最有效方法是採用登記的個人長者八達通卡,只限長者本人使用,每人限一㕠。
·      .     優惠只限交通非繁忙時段,以疏導交通,方便上班一族。
·      .      提高2元優惠至3元,定期檢討優惠水平。

新冠肺炎第三波





新冠肺炎在香港再度爆發,而且情況已失控,帶菌者散播社區,不知何日方可推出疫苗,市民方可安心生活。 肺炎自年初爆發時,自己是擔心,但不恐慌,因政府的防疫工作做得很好,本地發生的個案很少,而且可以跟踪其源頭。 但今次的爆發波是端午節放寬禁聚令後,大型的群體活動,如71回歸的慶祝及遊行,將病菌帶至各社區,相信要一段長時間方可再壓低感染人數。

2003SARS時,香港有1755人感染,299人喪生,死亡率為17%,但沙士病菌忌熱,夏季便自然消失。 今次的COVID-19病菌,耐熱耐寒,而且變種加大威力,感染人數已較SARS時多,希望死亡率不會提高吧!

今期國家地理雜誌以人類瘟疫為主題(Stopping Pandemics – What we’ve learned from history’s deadliest outbreaks) ,重溫人類歴史上的大瘟疫及抗疫經驗。 自己較有印象的有:
.  1918年的西班牙流感。 由豬隻傳播,死了约5千萬人。
.  1347年的黑死病。 由蚤及蝨傳傳播,死了约5千萬人。
.  1894年的全球大瘟疫3。 由老鼠及蚤傳播,死了約1千萬人。
.  1981年的AIDS。 由猩猩傳播,死了約32百萬人。
.  1957年的禽流感。 由雀鳥傳播,死了約1.1百萬人。
.  1519年的天花。 死了約8百萬人。
.  1889年的俄羅斯流感。 死了約1百萬人。
.  1899年的霍亂6型。 死了約1.5百萬人。
.  1968年的香港流感。 由雀鳥傳播,死了約1百萬人。

國家地理雜誌認為人類要經歷最驚駭的病疫方可從中吸收經驗,著手研發疫苗,防止病疫再臨。 當疫情過後,我們不可以忘記這經驗教訓,應要準備應付下一個疫情的來臨。 今次的新冠肺炎已改變了人類的工作及生活模式,網絡溝通、網上購物及家居工作已成為日常生活的一部分。

2020年7月17日 星期五

9月立法會選舉




民主派初選有超過61萬人參與投票。港大法律學院副教授戴耀廷表示,區議會選舉中有35%的民主派支持者參與初選,若地區直選的配票工作順利,有望取得26個議席,,若加上保住民主派7個傳統功能議席,以及一個超級議席,就有機會達到目標的[35+]議席。他又表示,自[港區國安法]推出,不少傳統民主派支持者及傳統建制派選民都對政權有所不滿,若藉立法會選舉或這次初選扭轉形勢,民主派或可在立法會中取得[45+]議席。

中大政治與行政學系高級講師蔡子指出,如此多人投票是由於在[港區國安法]實施後,今次是首次市民有機會用[和理非]方式表達不滿及拒絕屈服;而即使各方打壓,但仍有相當多人投票,顯示[35+]有民意基礎。 他認為今次立法會選舉,民主派要進行配票,較以前樂觀。

中聯辦嚴厲譴責反對派政團罔顧有關法律和特區政府警告,執意開展非法[初選] 並堅定支持特區政府深入調查、依法查處。發言人指出,立法會選舉事務有著嚴格的法定程序,反對派少數團體和頭面人物,在外部勢力的支持下,處心積慮,策動謀劃,舉行這次所謂[初選],是對現行選舉制度的嚴重挑釁,是對立法會選舉公平公正的嚴重破壞,是對其他擬參選人合法權利和正當利益的嚴重損害。
9月立法會選舉是昨年區議會選舉的翻版,因兩次的選民不變,投票的結果也應不變,泛民在直選中肯定取得26個或以上的議席,加上功能組別的7鐵票,泛民應可穩取得過半的議席[35+]而控制立法會。今次泛民的立法會初選除了介定參選名單,也可利用所有人的資料及聯絡電話,作9月選舉時配票之用。

無論中聯辦及港府如何譴責泛民的選舉行為,事實上民意是傾向泛民參選人,而且打壓力愈大,選民的反感愈大,投票更會偏向泛民。 中央及港府要未雨綢繆,準備對策以應付兩會被泛民控制的局面,例如恆常化繞過立法會的重大議案、強化民間組織監管立法會運作,[公安法] 檢舉及驅逐破壞及危害香港的公職人員

2020年7月14日 星期二

疫情反彈




自端午節前夕政府放寬禁聚令後,自己及廣大市民的防疫意識也隨著鬆懈,以為疫情已過,故所有的集會、聚會、飯局、酒敘等活動接踵而來,以補償被禁6個月內的遺漏及精神上力抑鬱。 誰知疫情反彈了,變種的病菌已散播社區,達失控的狀態,市民人心惶惶,唯自求多福。

天文台前台長林超英分析趨勢後預警,當局若無相應措施,本港每天的確診數字或高達數百宗,甚至以幾何級數增長。他指,當第一波病毒來襲時,也曾經出現類似情況,但大家同心協力把曲線壓下去,認為今次要再來一次,以緊守嚴防切斷病毒傳播。港大微生物學系講座教授袁國勇在電視節目表示,防疫措施放寬後有第三波疫情屬預料之內,認為疫情比起以往更嚴重,更出現老人院爆發,情況令人擔心。他指這些群組爆發正經公共運輸系統帶到全香港,擔心公營醫療系統未必能應付。他建議若疫症惡化,防疫措施要收緊至3月時最嚴厲的水平。

有媒界指,深圳灣口岸有大量人潮排隊離港, 但由於要經內地口岸檢疫,並提交各項文件,故導致需時輪候,形成人潮。這些港人因擔心留港會受疫情波及,而深圳疫情已受控,故寧願在深圳被隔離14天也要離港。

理解當權者在今次疫情中的難處,既要控制疫情,又要復甦經濟,當要取得平衡,就如履薄冰,稍靠天意了。 澳門及台灣可以採取全封城式的抗疫方法,取得良好效果,但隨後的經濟問題相信要一段很長時間方能恢復過來。 香港是一個國際城市,港人也多往外地公幹,全封城的經濟代價實是太大了。 再者,市民對封城的策略也有不同的意見。 今次新冠肺炎菌對長者是致命傷,但對於年青力壯一族則只是另類疾病,就算感染了也可復原,總較失業捱餓的情況為佳!

香港在三月時的抗疫工作做得很好,受到國際的褒揚, 今次疫情的反彈卻可讓港府及港人反醒,知道疫情尚未過,而且是在加劇中,防疫措施是不能輕易放寬。話得說回來,防疫惜施是要靠港人的自律。 環顧現在的市肆,全不遵守6成座位限制的營業令,隨處可搭枱面對面進食,食環署也懶理了, 沒有了3月時的積極巡查。 劉健威在報章上寫:[香港政府是有問題的。 我從歐洲到香港到上海都隔離過,香港是最鬆的,漏洞百出,不大爆發才怪呢。

有KOLs 認為今次疫情反彈是由於71大遊行時有帶菌者在集結中傳播病毒,他們不理政府的禁令,覺得:生命猶可貴,自由價更高,要為自己的價值觀而作岀犧牲。 不禁想起上世紀的法國大革命,為了爭取自由而濫殺了不少無辜的人,有大文豪評論為:[自由,自由,多少罪惡徦汝名!]



2020年7月11日 星期六

反芻的功用



禁聚令放寬後,停了6個月的舊同學聚會又可再舉行了。 所謂:小別勝新婚,同學間的話題又再聚焦於當時校園、老師及同學間的趣事,暫忘卻了有爭拗的政治議題,互相反芻着童年歲月的經歷,晚間3小時很輕鬆愉快地便度過了。 年青時不會緬懷過去,覺得人總要向前望,不能被往事所束縛,但當年紀老了,活動能力衰退了,反芻往事卻能帶來片刻歡樂。

反芻俗稱倒嚼,是指某些動物進食經過一段時間以後將半消化的食物從胃裏返回嘴裏再次咀嚼。反芻主要出現在哺乳類的部份草食性動物身上,例如羊以及牛,這些動物被統稱爲反芻動物。在人類,反芻可比喻反覆而細心的思量。

最近在Facebook上聯絡到沒有音訊達30年的舊英人上司。 自己1975年進身公務員,1976年便跟隨這英人上司為水務局安裝電腦水費單的系統,但由於1997年的回歸,他於1990年便選擇提早離職回英。 在電郵中,彼此反芻當年電腦化過程的喜樂事,交換其他同僚的去向資料,倒也樂過數小時。 這反芻過程提醒我一首關正傑所唱的粵語歌: [朋友],其 歌詞如下:

朋友 記得那天 共你初初見面     談到你的理想 並祝他朝兌現
誰不知分開祇有數年             共你相逢 先感覺到兩家亦在變

講起理想 大家苦笑共對           說起往年 共你相對無言
如今雙方痛楚 在於祇顧實際       才令你我理想改變

朋友 放聲痛哭 或者得到快樂      時間永不再返 夢想不可再現
人一生匆匆三數十年              莫怨當年 輕輕錯失機會萬遍

要若回頭 未必可再遇見           你的往年 未必勝目前
大家舉杯痛飲 大家一再互勉       期望你我運氣轉變。


2020年7月8日 星期三

政治化的英國名大學




英國劍橋大學打算撤回頒發予林鄭月娥的榮譽學位。  坦白說,這類名譽學位無實質作用,只是錦上添花的政治賞識,不要也罷,但對當事人而言,被人褫奪擁有的名譽是公開羞辱的事情,另人難堪。 劍橋大學的決定是追隨五國 (Five Eyes) 聯盟的政治取態及策畧,全力打壓中國,從而涉及香港。  但在英國劍橋大學的領導人是否明瞭及理解香港的實際情况及有否被褊頗的西方傳媒誤導而作出公正、公平、理智、學術上的決定,實屬疑問。

Philip Yeung (相信是英藉港人) ,寫了一封公開信予劍橋大學校監,闡述事件的真相,寫得很好,附下作參考:

“An Open Letter to Prof Jane Clarke, President of Wolfson College, Cambridge University

Dear President Clarke,

I understand that your College is inclined towards revoking Carrie Lam’s honorary fellowship over her support of Beijing’s enactment of the national security law for Hong Kong.

Frankly, I am disappointed, not because your College wishes to punish one of your alumni, but because it is doing so as a knee-jerk reaction without a careful examination of the evidence. Politicians in the West are jumping on the anti-Beijing bandwagon. But I expected a lot more from a world-leading academic institution that teaches students to be critical and independent thinkers. Shouldn’t you at least acquaint yourself with the facts before you jump to conclusions ?

America wants the world to be united in its hatred of China. But before you swallow its anti-China propaganda whole, please revisit the situation on the ground.
This chain of events has been triggered by the proposed extradition bill whose withdrawal forms part of the five “non-negotiable” demands. That bill has since been killed. Of the other four demands, violent street protestors want immunity from prosecution, that the protest not be classified as “riots”, that Hong Kong’s current leader be dismissed and that there be an independent inquiry into the protests and alleged police brutality. These are the five demands that propel the endless violent protests. This is their fight to the finish. Does it deserve their crash and burn all-out war ?

Speaking of police brutality, what the boys in blue do in Hong Kong is child’s play. Throughout 10 months of violent streets protests and provocations, there has not been a single fatality due to police action. By contrast, in Iraq, over 300 protestors were killed with nearly 15, 000 injured. The police here don’t use live ammunition, and only once or twice use rubber bullets. They use water cannons and tear gas to disperse the troublemakers, with officers reduced to chasing protestors around, and the rioting youths playing a cat-and-mouse game with them. Prior to any action, they hoist warning flags. The force has strict rules about the use of firearms. Show me another police force in the world that acts with such restraint before you cry “police brutality”. For a taste of real police brutality, go to America. The Hong Kong police are fighting violent flash mobs with their hands tied behind their backs.

As for protestors, there is something else afoot here. The organizers are cunning in the extreme. They push 11-year- and 12-year-olds to the frontlines. As underage participants, they face only limited liability. These teenagers hardly know their own minds, much less social issues like freedom of expression and rule of law. They disguise other teenage protestors as journalists to give them maximum mobility and a shield of immunity.

Of the five demands, none refers to protecting the rule of law, only that protestors be above the law. It is the essence of civil disobedience that advocates accept the legal consequences of their actions. These immunity demands undermine their claim to moral legitimacy.

Demanding that Carrie Lam step down is no different from demanding that Boris Johnson vacate No. 10--part of the political game played around the world. What is so non-negotiable about that  ?

Do the street protests qualify as ‘riots” ? You be the judge. Shops, malls, banks, even restaurants have been wantonly destroyed without provocation. Businesses are now either labelled “yellow” or “blue”, with the former patronized and the latter vandalized. Subway stations facilities are repeatedly and massively trashed; several universities have their labs and expensive facilities smashed to smithereens, costing hundreds of millions of dollars in damage, with the institutions of higher learning under siege for months. These halls of education are the last bastions of free speech, yet the trouble-makers have terrorized their occupants, especially if they are of mainland origin. Anyone who utters a dissenting word risks bodily harm. The President of HKUST had his home vandalized simply because he did not do as protestors demanded. Would you tolerate such destructive behavior by your students ? One dissenter was burned alive, in full view of media cameras.

For Hong Kong, it has been 10 months of terror and lawlessness. This is our land of freedom and democracy ?

The old Hong Kong, much admired for its civility and rule of law, is no more. It is now bitterly color-divided into “yellow” and “blue”, with nothing between them except hatred. It reminds me of the saying that “The disease has been cured, but the patient dies.” Your utopia is our dystopia.  Our way of life is dead.
Through it all, Beijing has let the situation simmer. It did nothing except helplessly gnashing its teeth on the sidelines. Beijing kept its end of the bargain, letting Hong Kong people run themselves. But the lawlessness is out of control. Would your government tolerate the Union Jack being desecrated while brandishing the Chinese national flag or God Save the Queen being booed in football games ? The economy is hemorrhaging, and social media is rampant with hate messages and incitement to violence. This is democracy in action ? This is supposed to promote our human rights ?

Beijing has given the city 23 years to enact its own national security legislation. But it got nowhere. Would London or Washington have allowed the destructive unrest to fester ? We know Trump’s answer when he called in heavily armed police to disperse peaceful protestors with rubber bullets.

We must ask one inevitable question: Why is Macau in peace, and Hong Kong in turmoil ? Because Macau has accepted the one-country-two-systems concept, enacting its national security law soon after returning to Chinese sovereignty. So, it is not the system that is broken, it is there are fomenters of unrest in the former British Colony, with the US Agency of Global Media funneling at least $3 million US in the last few years to the protestors. America sees Hong Kong’s strategic value as part of its China containment policy. The unpopular Taiwan leader was down to 12% of voter support, yet she was politically resurrected by stoking groundless fears in the Hong Kong chaos, thereby winning re-election. Hong Kong people have been free to organize and take part in anti-Beijing protests, even calling for the downfall of the central government. Protestors want two systems without one country. Playing both sides of the equation, they are the ones who have breached the agreement.

The New York Times columnist Thomas Friedman is right. China is run with great rationality like a corporate board. It may not be run on the Western model of democracy—but given the bizarre behavior of Trump in the US and Boris Johnson in the UK, who is to say that democracy has an edge over the Chinese model of governance ? After all, this is the government that has lifted 750 million people out of poverty. Despite American demonization, China has behaved responsibly in world bodies and arenas. It is time to judge the country by its actions, not by America’s propaganda and false narrative.

Chinese international behavior is best understood as moves to counteract the never-ending US encirclement—its South China Sea actions are not about territorial gains but to ensure freedom of navigation in the vital sea lanes to keep its commerce flowing freely to the world. Its Belt-and-Road Initiative is also an anti-encirclement economic move. The China Dream is wrapped around in its an economic power, not its military might. But neither does it want a repeat of its Hundred Years of Humiliation.

The UK is offering residency rights to Hong Kong “freedom fighters”. Australia and even Taiwan, will soon follow suit. I say, please take them all off our hands. These arsonists, vandals and robotic rampaging street rioters are our “gift” to democracy. Good riddance. They will soon be your headaches as they descend on your quiet neighborhoods. Enjoy.

With best wishes,
Philip Yeung
Speechwriter to university presidents”

我也將此信寄給英格蘭及蘇格蘭的外藉朋友作為參考之用。  他們皆𠄘認此信件讓他們了解到事實的真相,也明瞭到中國在今次事件的手法及克制。 他們肯定英國人民不會無條件接收BNO護照的持有者,特別是參予示威及暴亂人士。